Authored by Neil Tyagi
On 23 August 2023, NIST disclosed a crucial RCE vulnerability CVE-2023-38831. It’s associated to an RCE vulnerability in WinRAR earlier than model 6.23. The difficulty happens as a result of a ZIP archive might embody a benign file (akin to an abnormal .JPG file) and in addition a folder that has the identical title because the innocent file, and the contents of the folder (which can embody executable content material) are processed throughout an try and entry solely the benign file.
Our intelligence reveals that this vulnerability is being exploited as early as April 2023. Let’s have a look at a pattern exploiting this vulnerability (Hash: bc15b0264244339c002f83e639c328367efb1d7de1b3b7c483a2e2558b115eaa)
- The picture under reveals that the archive is called trading_system, which hints that it’s used to focus on merchants
- We are able to additionally see that the menace actor can craft the archive in order that folder and file names are the identical.
- That is attention-grabbing as Home windows doesn’t enable information and folders to have the identical title in the identical path.
- This reveals that it was weaponized after creating an everyday zip by altering the bytes to make the file and folder title the identical.
- Additionally, word there’s a trailing area on the finish of the file and folder title (in yellow).
- Once we look contained in the folder, we see many information, however a very powerful file is highlighted, which is a bat file containing a malicious script.
- The bat file additionally has the identical title because the benign file exterior the folder.
- Once we test the script, we see it launches cmd within the minimized state, then goes to the temp folder the place WinRAR will extract the information, then tries to search out the weakicons.com file, which is current contained in the folder and executes it utilizing wmic after which exits.
- Checking weakicons.com we discover that it’s a CAB SFX file.
- We extract it to test what’s inside.
- We discovered a PE file, some ActiveX management objects, and two textual content information.
- AMD.exe is a visible fundamental compiled file whose predominant job is to extract the dll hidden in a blob of knowledge inside laptop.txt and execute the ActiveX controls.
- Inside add.txt, we discover the registry keys it’ll attempt to manipulate
- The primary management is answerable for registering a COM object in Home windows. Throughout registration, registry keys are imported from the “add.txt” file. In consequence, a selected COM object with a singular CLSID is registered within the contaminated system. The default worth of the InprocServer32 key’s populated with the trail to a malicious DLL named “Core.ocx”.
- Wmic course of executes weakicons.com
- AMD.exe extracts the encrypted dll file inside laptop.txt and writes it within the romaingnvidia folder.
- Right here, we observe AMD.exe calls reg.exe on registry keys inside add.txt
- Timeout can also be known as to decelerate the actions of the an infection chain.
- AMD.exe Calls rundll32 on the clsid that’s registered within the registry
- We are able to see profitable tcp connection to menace actors C2.( ip 37[.]120[.]158[.]229)
World Heatmap the place this vulnerability is being seen within the wild(primarily based on McAfee telemetry information)
An infection chain
How does the vulnerability work?
- Right here, we are going to analyze the difficulty inflicting WinRAR to execute the script as an alternative of opening the picture.
- We’ll evaluate how WinRAR behaves after we execute a picture file from a weaponized zip vs. a standard zip. So we fireplace up ProcMon First.
Regular.zip
Weaponized.zip
- The above picture reveals that the primary logical bug is how WinRAR is extracting information within the temp folder earlier than executing them. Within the case of an everyday zip, solely the clear picture file is extracted to the temp folder, whereas within the case of a weaponized zip, even the information current contained in the folder are extracted to the temp folder together with the clear picture file. That is as a result of similar file names we have now given, which makes WinRAR extract these in temp.
- Verifying the identical within the temp folder
Regular Zip
Weaponized Zip
- In Logs, after we dig deep, we are able to see Winrar searches for our filename with an *, which causes it to iterate over our bat file because it has the identical title, which in flip will get executed.
- To see what’s occurring beneath the hood, we hook a debugger and launch WinRAR by manipulating the “picture file Execution choices” registry key.
- Once we execute the rar file, we see the debugger getting connected to the winrar course of in order that we are able to do just-in-time debugging.
- We put a breakpoint on the ShellExecuteExW operate to see what parameters are handed to it simply after clicking the jpeg file.
- Once we double-click on the picture file, we are able to see the debugger is opened, and after a couple of clicks, we hit our breakpoint.
Regular zip
- On this case, the right parameter is handed to the ShellExecuteExW operate because the file exists at this actual path.
Weaponized zip
- On this case, an incorrect parameter is handed to the ShellExecuteExW operate because the parameter incorporates a trailing area, and such a file doesn’t exist on the disk.
- Once we dig deep, we discover that later, it calls PathUnquoteSpacesA API name, as per MSDN. It “Removes quotes from the start and finish of a path.”
- As quotes are faraway from the tip of the trail, ShellExecuteExW executes “simple_image.jpg .cmd” as an alternative of “simple_image.jpg.”
IOC’s
| Sha256 | Detection |
| bc15b0264244339c002f83e639c328367efb1d7de1b3b7c483a2e2558b115eaa | Trojan:Archive/2023_38831.NEAA
|
- .( ip 37[.]120[.]158[.]229)
- REG keys
%APPDATApercentNvidiaCore.ocx
Suggestions
- WinRAR customers ought to instantly replace to the most recent model. WinRAR archiver, a strong device to course of RAR and ZIP information (rarlab.com)
- Use a licensed and up to date McAfee+ subscription to remain protected.
- Keep knowledgeable about widespread cyber threats and ways utilized by cybercriminals. This data can assist you acknowledge potential dangers and keep away from scams.
- Be very cautious when coping with attachments from unknown sources. Solely run attachments that come from trusted sources.
- Shield your accounts by utilizing multi-factor authentication.
